Testing lz4 with compressing and decompressing an Ubuntu ISO file. Very high speculation amounts and looks like the first workload (compression level 1) has different characteristics than the second (compression level 3) and third (compression level 9). Also the metrics for compression are much slower for levels 3 and 9. Also interesting that none tests of different compression tools use the same metrics and workload so not easy to compare between tools.
AMD metrics show a single-threaded workload with high branch misprediction.
elapsed 431.352
on_cpu 0.055 # 0.88 / 16 cores
utime 359.005
stime 20.407
nvcsw 2827 # 61.94%
nivcsw 1737 # 38.06%
inblock 4068624 # 9432.26/sec
onblock 1712 # 3.97/sec
cpu-clock 379468394089 # 379.468 seconds
task-clock 379477419868 # 379.477 seconds
page faults 13892968 # 36610.790/sec
context switches 6516 # 17.171/sec
cpu migrations 404 # 1.065/sec
major page faults 6 # 0.016/sec
minor page faults 13892962 # 36610.774/sec
alignment faults 0 # 0.000/sec
emulation faults 0 # 0.000/sec
branches 342994981953 # 124.827 branches per 1000 inst
branch misses 16699643661 # 4.87% branch miss
conditional 328758224448 # 119.646 conditional branches per 1000 inst
indirect 41443550 # 0.015 indirect branches per 1000 inst
cpu-cycles 1889122196227 # 0.27 GHz
instructions 2737446068872 # 1.45 IPC
slots 3782952328728 #
retiring 846187305931 # 22.4% (22.4%)
-- ucode 198281044 # 0.0%
-- fastpath 845989024887 # 22.4%
frontend 528484472316 # 14.0% (14.0%)
-- latency 355532417646 # 9.4%
-- bandwidth 172952054670 # 4.6%
backend 1621417936769 # 42.9% (42.9%)
-- cpu 298110098455 # 7.9%
-- memory 1323307838314 # 35.0%
speculation 786707510749 # 20.8% (20.8%)
-- branch mispredict 784728830964 # 20.7%
-- pipeline restart 1978679785 # 0.1%
smt-contention 154715438 # 0.0% ( 0.0%)
cpu-cycles 2595318207377 # 0.28 GHz
instructions 3853567369924 # 1.48 IPC
instructions 1284825674105 # 91.779 l2 access per 1000 inst
l2 hit from l1 63536670254 # 19.27% l2 miss
l2 miss from l1 493759169 #
l2 hit from l2 pf 32151337359 #
l3 hit from l2 pf 153791651 #
l3 miss from l2 pf 22078005914 #
instructions 1282592117042 # 86.140 float per 1000 inst
float 512 62 # 0.000 AVX-512 per 1000 inst
float 256 4 # 0.000 AVX-256 per 1000 inst
float 128 110482972318 # 86.140 AVX-128 per 1000 inst
float MMX 0 # 0.000 MMX per 1000 inst
float scalar 0 # 0.000 scalar per 1000 instIntel metrics show an even higher level of branch misprediction and relatively higher l2 miss rate.
elapsed 491.513
on_cpu 0.055 # 0.88 / 16 cores
utime 415.116
stime 19.254
nvcsw 4910 # 54.74%
nivcsw 4060 # 45.26%
inblock 4687864 # 9537.61/sec
onblock 1704 # 3.47/sec
cpu-clock 434381427808 # 434.381 seconds
task-clock 434392506214 # 434.393 seconds
page faults 13889059 # 31973.523/sec
context switches 11240 # 25.875/sec
cpu migrations 485 # 1.117/sec
major page faults 709 # 1.632/sec
minor page faults 13888350 # 31971.891/sec
alignment faults 0 # 0.000/sec
emulation faults 0 # 0.000/sec
branches 292862196279 # 119.149 branches per 1000 inst
branch misses 13029570308 # 4.45% branch miss
conditional 292862208759 # 119.149 conditional branches per 1000 inst
indirect 87813308 # 0.036 indirect branches per 1000 inst
slots 9596426393090 #
retiring 2335824751615 # 24.3% (24.3%)
-- ucode 196248424731 # 2.0%
-- fastpath 2139576326884 # 22.3%
frontend 936041875040 # 9.8% ( 9.8%)
-- latency 451564041635 # 4.7%
-- bandwidth 484477833405 # 5.0%
backend 3559540182779 # 37.1% (37.1%)
-- cpu 1019988499996 # 10.6%
-- memory 2539551682783 # 26.5%
speculation 3299242768642 # 34.4% (34.4%)
-- branch mispredict 3283919991047 # 34.2%
-- pipeline restart 15322777595 # 0.2%
smt-contention 0 # 0.0% ( 0.0%)
cpu-cycles 1605722641299 # 0.21 GHz
instructions 2460908984915 # 1.53 IPC
l2 access 160521933389 # 65.231 l2 access per 1000 inst
l2 miss 83738528448 # 52.17% l2 missProcess level metrics show just a few invocations of lz4 and otherwise test infrastructure like clinfo taking some time.
372 processes
9 lz4 357.43 19.55
64 clinfo 11.52 3.52
38 vulkaninfo 0.93 0.95
6 php 0.10 0.12
4 vulkani:disk$0 0.09 0.10
6 glxinfo:gdrv0 0.08 0.08
2 llvmpipe-0 0.05 0.05
2 llvmpipe-1 0.05 0.05
2 llvmpipe-10 0.05 0.05
2 llvmpipe-11 0.05 0.05
2 llvmpipe-12 0.05 0.05
2 llvmpipe-13 0.05 0.05
2 llvmpipe-14 0.05 0.05
2 llvmpipe-15 0.05 0.05
2 llvmpipe-2 0.05 0.05
2 llvmpipe-3 0.05 0.05
2 llvmpipe-4 0.05 0.05
2 llvmpipe-5 0.05 0.05
2 llvmpipe-6 0.05 0.05
2 llvmpipe-7 0.05 0.05
2 llvmpipe-8 0.05 0.05
2 llvmpipe-9 0.05 0.05
2 glxinfo 0.04 0.04
2 glxinfo:cs0 0.04 0.04
2 glxinfo:disk$0 0.04 0.04
2 glxinfo:sh0 0.04 0.04
2 glxinfo:shlo0 0.04 0.04
6 clang 0.03 0.04
1 lspci 0.00 0.02
93 sh 0.00 0.00
13 gcc 0.00 0.00
10 gsettings 0.00 0.00
9 compress-lz4 0.00 0.00
9 stty 0.00 0.00
8 stat 0.00 0.00
8 systemd-detect- 0.00 0.00
6 llvm-link 0.00 0.00
5 phoronix-test-s 0.00 0.00
4 gmain 0.00 0.00
2 cc 0.00 0.00
2 dconf worker 0.00 0.00
2 lscpu 0.00 0.00
2 uname 0.00 0.00
2 which 0.00 0.00
2 xset 0.00 0.00
1 date 0.00 0.00
1 dirname 0.00 0.00
1 dmesg 0.00 0.00
1 dmidecode 0.00 0.00
1 grep 0.00 0.00
1 ifconfig 0.00 0.00
1 ip 0.00 0.00
1 lsmod 0.00 0.00
1 mktemp 0.00 0.00
1 ps 0.00 0.00
1 qdbus 0.00 0.00
1 readlink 0.00 0.00
1 realpath 0.00 0.00
1 sed 0.00 0.00
1 sort 0.00 0.00
1 systemctl 0.00 0.00
1 template.sh 0.00 0.00
1 wc 0.00 0.00
1 xrandr 0.00 0.00
0 processes running
47 maximum processes
The core benchmark block
32236) compress-lz4 start=5.34 finish=35.63
32237) lz4 start=5.35 finish=35.63
32240) compress-lz4 start=39.64 finish=70.64
32241) lz4 start=39.64 finish=70.64
32242) compress-lz4 start=74.65 finish=105.87
32243) lz4 start=74.65 finish=105.87
32244) sh start=105.88 finish=105.88
32245) sh start=105.88 finish=105.88
32246) compress-lz4 start=116.07 finish=163.21
32247) lz4 start=116.07 finish=163.21
32249) compress-lz4 start=167.22 finish=214.69
32250) lz4 start=167.22 finish=214.69
32251) compress-lz4 start=218.70 finish=266.72
32252) lz4 start=218.70 finish=266.72
32284) sh start=266.72 finish=266.73
32285) sh start=266.72 finish=266.72
32287) compress-lz4 start=276.92 finish=324.67
32288) lz4 start=276.92 finish=324.67
32289) compress-lz4 start=328.68 finish=376.55
32290) lz4 start=328.68 finish=376.55
32291) compress-lz4 start=380.56 finish=427.71
32292) lz4 start=380.56 finish=427.71