Benchmark workload of molecular dynamics shows approximately 50% of the slots are retiring.

AMD metrics shows floating point intensive (2/3 of instructions are 128-bit floating point) without many branches and a small number of L2 access/miss. This results in slightly higher IPC and many instructions retired.

elapsed              329.070
on_cpu               0.952          # 15.24 / 16 cores
utime                4502.819
stime                511.863
nvcsw                163532         # 76.29%
nivcsw               50827          # 23.71%
inblock              252136         # 766.21/sec
onblock              97000          # 294.77/sec
cpu-clock            5014981624535  # 5014.982 seconds
task-clock           5015066062349  # 5015.066 seconds
page faults          1061669        # 211.696/sec
context switches     215829         # 43.036/sec
cpu migrations       361            # 0.072/sec
major page faults    357            # 0.071/sec
minor page faults    1061312        # 211.625/sec
alignment faults     0              # 0.000/sec
emulation faults     0              # 0.000/sec
branches             969457463749   # 27.144 branches per 1000 inst
branch misses        96604976909    # 9.96% branch miss
conditional          598626875725   # 16.761 conditional branches per 1000 inst
indirect             17759496963    # 0.497 indirect branches per 1000 inst
cpu-cycles           17843610263885 # 3.86 GHz
instructions         33685765494786 # 1.89 IPC
slots                35676676825020 #
retiring             11466401474400 # 32.1% (51.7%)
-- ucode             3261961494     #     0.0%
-- fastpath          11463139512906 #    32.1%
frontend             2110839683999  #  5.9% ( 9.5%)
-- latency           1773994098696  #     5.0%
-- bandwidth         336845585303   #     0.9%
backend              8262319364493  # 23.2% (37.3%)
-- cpu               4845859855349  #    13.6%
-- memory            3416459509144  #     9.6%
speculation          326075144679   #  0.9% ( 1.5%)
-- branch mispredict 322374538533   #     0.9%
-- pipeline restart  3700606146     #     0.0%
smt-contention       13511001433399 # 37.9% ( 0.0%)
cpu-cycles           17808305476130 # 3.85 GHz
instructions         33671204786751 # 1.89 IPC
instructions         11222058246597 # 29.363 l2 access per 1000 inst
l2 hit from l1       216808193838   # 3.37% l2 miss
l2 miss from l1      3534469784     #
l2 hit from l2 pf    105145731432   #
l3 hit from l2 pf    1270687312     #
l3 miss from l2 pf   6292933832     #
instructions         11221325446035 # 670.180 float per 1000 inst
float 512            67             # 0.000 AVX-512 per 1000 inst
float 256            976            # 0.000 AVX-256 per 1000 inst
float 128            7520307722746  # 670.180 AVX-128 per 1000 inst
float MMX            0              # 0.000 MMX per 1000 inst
float scalar         1008           # 0.000 scalar per 1000 inst

Intel metrics

elapsed              354.788
on_cpu               0.958          # 15.32 / 16 cores
utime                4737.499
stime                699.276
nvcsw                171768         # 79.34%
nivcsw               44733          # 20.66%
inblock              252000         # 710.28/sec
onblock              96864          # 273.02/sec
cpu-clock            5436887057539  # 5436.887 seconds
task-clock           5436946057116  # 5436.946 seconds
page faults          1078757        # 198.412/sec
context switches     218112         # 40.117/sec
cpu migrations       392            # 0.072/sec
major page faults    322            # 0.059/sec
minor page faults    1078434        # 198.353/sec
alignment faults     0              # 0.000/sec
emulation faults     0              # 0.000/sec
branches             1210384718995  # 44.673 branches per 1000 inst
branch misses        23841288511    # 1.97% branch miss
conditional          1210384729075  # 44.673 conditional branches per 1000 inst
indirect             335853367292   # 12.396 indirect branches per 1000 inst
slots                21038828152550 #
retiring             13684220792315 # 65.0% (65.0%)
-- ucode             2099158012732  #    10.0%
-- fastpath          11585062779583 #    55.1%
frontend             4772928176556  # 22.7% (22.7%)
-- latency           3153746942703  #    15.0%
-- bandwidth         1619181233853  #     7.7%
backend              2168742626552  # 10.3% (10.3%)
-- cpu               1685615965776  #     8.0%
-- memory            483126660776   #     2.3%
speculation          713253632021   #  3.4% ( 3.4%)
-- branch mispredict 653289250107   #     3.1%
-- pipeline restart  59964381914    #     0.3%
smt-contention       0              #  0.0% ( 0.0%)
cpu-cycles           7016247557601  # 1.38 GHz
instructions         13494156109832 # 1.92 IPC
l2 access            218890285131   # 16.221 l2 access per 1000 inst
l2 miss              32849187777    # 15.01% l2 miss

Summary information about the processes where most all time is spent in the namd process.

333 processes
	 51 namd2                71554.11  2492.20
	 38 vulkaninfo               0.57     1.15
	  6 glxinfo:gdrv0            0.09     0.09
	  4 vulkani:disk$0           0.06     0.13
	  2 glxinfo                  0.06     0.03
	  2 glxinfo:cs0              0.06     0.03
	  6 php                      0.05     0.07
	  2 glxinfo:disk$0           0.05     0.03
	  2 glxinfo:sh0              0.05     0.03
	  2 glxinfo:shlo0            0.05     0.03
	  6 clang                    0.04     0.02
	  2 llvmpipe-0               0.03     0.07
	  2 llvmpipe-1               0.03     0.07
	  2 llvmpipe-10              0.03     0.07
	  2 llvmpipe-11              0.03     0.07
	  2 llvmpipe-12              0.03     0.07
	  2 llvmpipe-13              0.03     0.07
	  2 llvmpipe-14              0.03     0.07
	  2 llvmpipe-15              0.03     0.07
	  2 llvmpipe-2               0.03     0.07
	  2 llvmpipe-3               0.03     0.07
	  2 llvmpipe-4               0.03     0.07
	  2 llvmpipe-5               0.03     0.07
	  2 llvmpipe-6               0.03     0.07
	  2 llvmpipe-7               0.03     0.07
	  2 llvmpipe-8               0.03     0.07
	  2 llvmpipe-9               0.03     0.07
	  1 lspci                    0.01     0.03
	 85 sh                       0.00     0.00
	 12 gcc                      0.00     0.00
	  9 stty                     0.00     0.00
	  8 gsettings                0.00     0.00
	  8 stat                     0.00     0.00
	  8 systemd-detect-          0.00     0.00
	  6 llvm-link                0.00     0.00
	  5 gmain                    0.00     0.00
	  5 phoronix-test-s          0.00     0.00
	  3 dconf worker             0.00     0.00
	  3 namd                     0.00     0.00
	  2 lscpu                    0.00     0.00
	  2 uname                    0.00     0.00
	  2 which                    0.00     0.00
	  2 xset                     0.00     0.00
	  1 cc                       0.00     0.00
	  1 date                     0.00     0.00
	  1 dirname                  0.00     0.00
	  1 dmesg                    0.00     0.00
	  1 dmidecode                0.00     0.00
	  1 grep                     0.00     0.00
	  1 ifconfig                 0.00     0.00
	  1 ip                       0.00     0.00
	  1 lsmod                    0.00     0.00
	  1 mktemp                   0.00     0.00
	  1 ps                       0.00     0.00
	  1 readlink                 0.00     0.00
	  1 realpath                 0.00     0.00
	  1 sed                      0.00     0.00
	  1 sort                     0.00     0.00
	  1 systemctl                0.00     0.00
	  1 template.sh              0.00     0.00
	  1 wc                       0.00     0.00
	  1 xrandr                   0.00     0.00
0 processes running
47 maximum processes

We run one process per core in the computation blocks

      499497) namd start=4.84  finish=95.80
        499498) namd2 start=4.84  finish=95.73
          499499) namd2 start=4.85  finish=95.73
          499500) namd2 start=4.85  finish=95.73
          499501) namd2 start=4.85  finish=95.73
          499502) namd2 start=4.85  finish=95.73
          499503) namd2 start=4.85  finish=95.73
          499504) namd2 start=4.85  finish=95.73
          499505) namd2 start=4.85  finish=95.73
          499506) namd2 start=4.85  finish=95.73
          499507) namd2 start=4.85  finish=95.73
          499508) namd2 start=4.85  finish=95.73
          499509) namd2 start=4.85  finish=95.73
          499510) namd2 start=4.85  finish=95.73
          499511) namd2 start=4.85  finish=95.73
          499512) namd2 start=4.85  finish=95.73
          499513) namd2 start=4.85  finish=95.73
          499514) namd2 start=4.86  finish=95.73